Government+administration+-+natalie

**Administration** differs according to jurisdiction.
UNITED STATES

In the United States, the term 'administration, refers to the executive branch under a specific president (or sometimes governor, mayor, or other local executive), for example: the "George W. Bush administration.

EUROPE

In Europe, the term 'administration refers to managerial functions in general, which may include local governments, or the hierarchy of national and local government, that applies to a town or district.

This varies by country.

IT SYSTEMS

Conventional procedural computer systems are widely used by federal, state and city government agencies to support daily operations.

These systems have been used to:


 * automate the accounting function
 * automate labor-intensive activities
 * manage and control vast financial and physical assets
 * process payrolls for hundreds of thousands of employees
 * merge and summarize information about a wide set of activities in support of management decision making

Expert systems technology has recently evolved as an effective way to focus the power of the computer to solve these types of problems:

Problems that:

1) require expertise about a large number of complex facts, rules, or decision factors 2) must account for the probability of outcomes as opposed to procedural certainty based on changing conditions, government regulations, and work-force agreements 3) are solved heuristically based on expert experience and knowledge gained over long periods of time in an often highly unstructured manner

Expert systems differ from traditional systems in that they use an approach to problem solving based on reasoning, interference, goal search, control search, and metaknowledge and can deal with missing and conflicting data. Furthermore, this technology not only promises to advance the type of decision making that can be enhanced through automation, but evidence suggests traditional applications might be easier and less costly to build and maintain using this form of problem solving.